Tag: Listeria innocua

FDA gives Darwin’s pet food owners 15 days to clear up issues

Adulterated pet food, dead kitten, use of unapproved additive spur FDA warning letter

The FDA issued a formal warning letter to Arrow Reliance Inc. doing business as Darwin’s Natural Pet Products, citing pathogen problems at a production plant and saying scientific evidence shows the company’s cleaning solution is ineffective.

Darwin’s is a manufacturer of raw pet foods and is based in Tukwila, WA.

The April 2 warning letter from the Food and Drug Administration cites a history of consumer complaints and product recalls leading to the agency’s analysis of several Darwin’s products. Laboratory tests detected Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli O128 in one or more samples of the pet foods.

Foods under FDA jurisdiction, including pet foods, are deemed to be adulterated if they bear or contain a poisonous or deleterious substance that may render them injurious to health, according to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act). Introduction of an adulterated food into interstate commerce is a prosecutable violation of the Act.

Federal officials also found two Darwin’s products were also contaminated with Listeria innocua. Although it is not considered a pathogen in terms of human health, the warning letter underscored that the presence of Listeria innocua is an indicator that Listeria monocytogenes would be capable of surviving and growing in the product.

One of the consumer complaints that triggered the FDA investigation was lodged by the owner of a kitten that died as a result of a “severe systemic Salmonella infection” after being fed Darwin’s Natural Selections Duck Meals for Cats. 

Salmonella was isolated from the dead kitten’s liver and from an unopened raw pet food package. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) analysis, often referred to as genetic fingerprinting, confirmed that the Salmonella recovered from the dead kitten and from the pet food sample were identical.

FDA also performed WGS analysis on Salmonella recovered from various other Darwin’s samples. The identical Salmonella strain was found in two different products manufactured two weeks apart and containing two different meat sources. 

The presence of the identical Salmonella in these two products, according to the warning letter, suggests pathogen contamination in Darwin’s manufacturing facility.

In the letter, FDA also expressed its concern regarding Darwin’s use of a bacteriophage product to control pathogens in the raw pet foods, citing a lack of scientifically based validation of the controls and a change in the company’s protocol for applying the bacteriophage to the products.

The agency noted that the bacteriophage product is not “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) nor is it the subject of a regulation describing additives permitted in animal foods.

The company was given 15 business days to reply to the warning letter, with a description of the steps taken to correct the violations and prevent these or similar violations from occurring in the future. 

This story first appeared in Food Safety News and is reposted here with permission.

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Darwin’s pet food Salmonella problem dates back to 2016

Arrow Reliance, doing business as Darwin’s Natural Pet Products, has known since at least early 2016 about possible Salmonella contamination in its pet foods according to information contained in two Establishment Inspection Reports.

Darwin has recalled nine production lots of its Natural Selections and Zoologics lines of pet food since October 2016, with the most recent recall initiated earlier this month. The recalls all followed detection of Listeria monocytogenes and/or Salmonella in Darwin’s pet food.

The Establishment Inspection Reports, obtained by Food Safety News under the federal Freedom of Information Act, show the Food and Drug Administration inspected Darwin’s manufacturing plant in Tukwila, WA, after receiving a consumer complaint about foreign objects in the company’s pet food. The inspection was carried out jointly with the Washington State Department of Agriculture.

An FDA inspector reviewed Darwin’s consumer complaint log and found four entries regarding Salmonella between Jan. 12 and June 22, 2016. The company received 158 complaints in that time period, including 17 for plastic, 16 for bone fragments, four for metal, one for wood, and one for cardboard.

Darwin’s president, Gary Tashjian, told the FDA inspector at the time that none of the complaints had been confirmed by customers’ veterinarians.

Tashjian said if a customer’s veterinarian confirmed a Salmonella diagnosis with a lab test, the company would “… consider placing a hold on a specific lot of food…” Darwin’s practice was to conduct its own testing on a retained sample of a product only after a veterinarian confirmed the presence of Salmonella in the pet food. If the retained sample was found to contain Salmonella, the firm would initial a recall.

When asked why no environmental samples were tested for Salmonella even though the company’s consumer complaint logs suggested a possible problem, a spokesperson for FDA said the agency considers “… several factors when determining whether to collect … samples during an inspection, such as if samples are necessary at the time to provide evidence for a violation…”

A sample of Zoologics Duck and Vegetable Meals for Dogs, Lot #3077 was taken for Salmonella and foreign object analysis by Washington state during the 2016 joint inspection.

On Aug. 8, 2016, the company “… voluntarily removed from market and destroyed…” all of Lot #3077 after the state reported finding Salmonella in the sample. A recall wasn’t required because none of the product had been distributed to customers, according to an FDA spokesperson.

The Establishment Inspection Report (EIR) from 2017 showed Darwin reported performing routine environmental swabbing for coliform and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which are used to measure the effectiveness of sanitation and cleaning procedures, respectively. There was no mention in the EIR of routine monitoring for pathogens such as Salmonella or Listeria monocytogenes.

The recent spate of Salmonella-related recalls began in September 2017, triggered by a consumer complaint lodged with FDA and involving a dead kitten, according to an FDA spokesperson. The agency found Salmonella in a sample of Natural Selections Duck Meals for Cats, Lot #38277, manufactured on June 1, 2017.

Darwin’s initiated a recall of Lot #38277 on Sept. 8, 2017.

The recall earlier this month of two varieties of Zoologics Meals for Dogs also came about following a consumer complaint lodged with FDA. The complainant, whose German Shepherd had suffered from diarrhea for nine consecutive months and had tested positive for Salmonella, provided unopened samples of the two products to FDA for analysis.

The lab report, a copy of which was provided to Food Safety News by the consumer, confirms the presence of both Salmonella and Listeria innocua in both products. Listeria innocua is a common environmental contaminant and is not considered to be a pathogen. However, it is treated in some quality assurance programs as an indicator species for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes.

As of Feb. 13, FDA had investigated six complaints of sickness and death in animals that had been fed one or more of the recently recalled products.

An FDA spokesperson declined to comment on whether the agency would be conducting an inspection of Darwin’s manufacturing facilities in light of the recent series of product recalls, citing FDA’s policy against discussing ongoing investigations. However, the spokesperson said an inspection would be typical in a follow-up investigation.

The FDA encourages consumers to report complaints about this and other pet food products electronically through the Safety Reporting Portal or by calling their state’s FDA Consumer Complaint Coordinators.

This story first appeared on Food Safety News and is reposted here with permission.